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106 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
107 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% document %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
108 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
115 \includegraphics[scale=1.01,clip]{./hintergrund}
121 % \hfill \includegraphics[width=.1\textwidth]{../../figures/oeaw_logo}
123 \includegraphics[width=.2\textwidth]{./fwf-logo}
132 \fcolorbox{white}{white}
134 \begin{minipage}[b]{600mm}
138 \textcolor{cyan}{\bf Condensation in two flavor scalar electrodynamics with non-degenerate quark masses}}\\[7mm]
139 \Large{\bf{Alexander Schmidt} \sf{, Philippe de Forcrand, Christof Gattringer} }
150 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2 columns %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
154 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% MOTIVATION %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
155 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
157 \large \centering{\textcolor{cyan}{\LARGE\sf Motivation}}
161 \begin{minipage}[b]{350mm}
163 We study two-flavor scalar electrodynamics with two non-degenerate quark masses to find out about the characteristics of the condensation of this system induced by a finite chemical potential.
170 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ACTION %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
171 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
173 \large \centering{\textcolor{cyan}{\LARGE\sf The action}}
177 \begin{minipage}[b]{350mm}
179 In the conventional notation the lattice action is given by (the lattice constant is set to $a=1$)
185 {\color{cyan}Gauge field $U_{\vec{n},\mu}$} \quad
186 {\color{magenta}1st flavor Higgs field $\phi_{\vec{n}}^1$} \quad
187 {\color{ForestGreen}2nd flavor Higgs field $\phi_{\vec{n}}^2$} \quad \quad
188 {\color{gray}$U_{\vec{n},\mu} \in U(1)$, $\phi_{\vec{n}} \in \mathbb{C}$}
191 S \hspace{0.1cm} & = & S_G[U] + S_H[U,\phi] \label{latac} \\ \nonumber \\
192 S_G & = & - \beta \sum_{\vec{n}} \sum_{\mu < \nu} Re \; {\color{cyan}U_{\vec{n},\mu} \, U_{\vec{n} + \hat{\mu}, \nu} \, U_{\vec{n} + \hat{\nu}, \mu}^\star \, U_{\vec{n},\nu}^\star}
194 S_{H} & = & \sum_{\vec{n}}\! \Bigg[ \kappa^1 \mid \!\! {\color{magenta}\phi^1_{\vec{n}}} \!\! \mid^2
195 + \lambda^1 \mid \!\! {\color{magenta}\phi^1_{\vec{n}}} \!\! \mid^4
196 + \kappa^2 \mid \!\! {\color{ForestGreen}\phi^2_{\vec{n}}} \!\! \mid^2
197 + \lambda^2 \mid \!\! {\color{ForestGreen}\phi^2_{\vec{n}}} \!\! \mid^4 \Bigg ] \ \\
198 &-& \sum_{\vec{n}}\! \Bigg[ \sum_{\mu}\! \Bigg( e^{\delta_{\mu 4} \mu^1}{\color{magenta}{\phi^1_{\vec{n}}}^\star} \, {\color{cyan}U_{\vec{n},\mu}} \, {\color{magenta}\phi^1_{\vec{n}+\widehat{\mu}}}
199 + e^{-\delta_{\mu 4} \mu^1} {\color{magenta}{\phi^1_{\vec{n}}}^\star} \, {\color{cyan}U_{\vec{n} - \widehat{\mu},\mu}^\star} \, {\color{magenta}\phi^1_{\vec{n}-\widehat{\mu}}} \Bigg) \Bigg] \nonumber \\
200 &-& \sum_{\vec{n}}\! \Bigg[ \sum_{\mu}\! \Bigg( e^{\delta_{\mu 4} \mu^2}{\color{ForestGreen}{\phi^2_{\vec{n}}}^\star} \, {\color{cyan}U_{\vec{n},\mu}^\star} \, {\color{ForestGreen}\phi^2_{\vec{n}+\widehat{\mu}}}
201 + e^{-\delta_{\mu 4} \mu^2} {\color{ForestGreen}{\phi^2_{\vec{n}}}^\star} \, {\color{cyan}U_{\vec{n} - \widehat{\mu},\mu}} \, {\color{ForestGreen}\phi^2_{\vec{n}-\widehat{\mu}}} \Bigg) \Bigg]
208 with $\beta$ the inverse gauge coupling, $\kappa^i$ the mass parameters and $\lambda^i$ the Higgs couplings.
215 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% FLUX ACTION %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
216 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
218 \large \centering{\textcolor{cyan}{\LARGE\sf Flux representation of the action}}
222 \begin{minipage}[b]{350mm}
224 {\textcolor{cyan}{\Large\sf The basic idea}}
225 is to expand the partition sum and perform the integral over the original degrees of freedom.
229 {\textcolor{cyan}{\Large\sf As an example}}
230 we look at a single nearest neighbour term
232 Z \; \propto \; e^{\phi_x^\star \, U_{x,\nu} \,\phi_{x+\widehat{\nu}}}
233 \; = \; \sum_{k_{x,\mu}} \frac{1}{ (k_{x,\mu})!} \;
234 \bigg[ \, \phi_x^\star \, U_{x,\nu} \,\phi_{x+\widehat{\nu}} \bigg]^{\, k_{x,\mu}} \quad .
237 Performing the integral over $\phi^i$ our partition sum no longer depends on the fields $\phi^i$
239 Z \; = \; \sum_{\{\phi\}} \sum_{\{U\}} \; e^{-S_G(U)-S_H(U,\phi)} &=& \sum_{\{\phi\}} \sum_{\{U\}} \; e^{-S_G(U)} \sum_{\{k,l\}} F(U,\phi,k,l) \\
240 &=& \sum_{\{k,l\}} \sum_{\{U\}} \; e^{-S_G(U)} \underbrace{\sum_{\{\phi\}} F(U,\phi,k,l)}_{\textnormal{perform this integral}} \nonumber \quad .
243 {\textcolor{cyan}{\Large\sf Finally}}
244 we end up with a real and positive partition sum plus constraints for the dual degrees of freedom
246 Z \; = \; \sum_{\{k,l\}} \sum_{\{p\}} FB(k,l,p) = \hspace{-0.5cm} \sum_{\{p, k^1, l^1, k^2, l^2\}} \hspace{-0.5cm} {\cal W}(p,k,l) \, {\cal C}_B(p,k^1,k^2) \, {\cal C}_F(k^i) \quad .
252 %\includegraphics[height=13cm]{dofs.pdf}
260 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% PHASE DIAGRAM %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
261 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
263 \large \centering{\textcolor{cyan}{\LARGE\sf Phase diagram} \cite{PhysRevLett.111.141601}}
267 \begin{minipage}[b]{350mm}
270 \includegraphics[height=22cm]{phasediagram.pdf}
277 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% MASS CORRELATORS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
278 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
280 \large \centering{\textcolor{cyan}{\LARGE\sf Mass correlators in the confined phase (preliminary)}}
284 \begin{minipage}[b]{350mm}
286 The masses of the bound states $U_1$ and $U_2$ are split because we set the effective masses of the two flavours to different values.
291 \includegraphics[height=14.5cm]{mass.pdf}
298 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% CONDENSATION %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
299 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
301 \large \centering{\textcolor{cyan}{\LARGE\sf Condensation (preliminary)}}
305 \begin{minipage}[b]{350mm}
307 We here show different observables as function of $\mu=\mu_1=\mu_2$. The dotted lines show the masses $U_1$ and $U_2$ determined from the plots above. For the observables $\langle\phi^*\phi\rangle$ and $\langle n \rangle$ red symbols belong to flavor 1 and green symbols to flavor 2.
309 \includegraphics[height=35cm]{finmu_840_highstat-crop.pdf}
316 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% SUMMARY %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
317 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
319 \large \centering{\textcolor{cyan}{\LARGE\sf Summary}}
323 \begin{minipage}[b]{350mm}
325 Although we studied the condensation of the system with two non-degenerate quark masses, we do not see two seperate condensation points, as we would have expected in first place. At the moment we are doing further simulations to better understand the finite mu transition of the system and the consequences of having two different quark masses.
331 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Acknowledgments %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
335 \large \centering{\textcolor{cyan}{\Large\sf Acknowledgments}}
339 \begin{minipage}[b]{350mm}
340 This work was supported by the Austrian Science Fund, FWF, through the Doctoral
341 Program on {\it Hadrons in Vacuum, Nuclei, and Stars} (FWF DK W1203-N16).
344 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% References %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
348 \large \centering{\textcolor{cyan}{\Large\sf References}}
352 \begin{minipage}[b]{350mm}
353 %\begin{multicols}{2}
358 \bibliographystyle{plain}
362 %\end{multicols}\vspace{-24pt}